Comparative Survey of Relief of Taltaba Battle with Trajan Column

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Professor of Art Research Department, Faculty of Art, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran

2 Master of Arts Research, Faculty of Architecture and Art, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran, (

Abstract

 
From ancient times and over thousands of years, mud bricks and walls have been subject to erosion and destruction. Now, from the remnants of large cities that have been inhabited for centuries, there is nothing left just the soil. These archology arches or hills are remnants of ruined buildings that have historically been built on ancient artifacts. Human have been made immortalized their desires, beliefs and ideas in the form of carving, stone-carving, sculpture, stone writing, memorial pillars, etc. from long times ago. Creating reliefs is one of the traditions that rulers of the time have used to immortalize their ideas. The emperors of the two ancient civilizations of ancient Assyria and Rome expected their high status in their favorite works, such as war and hunting, to be specified and recorded in precise and inaccurate terms, and to intensify the same feeling of wondering in newcomers. In fact, the reliefs are the leaves of the illustrated history, culture and art book, which have many ideas inside. Until today, all their concepts have not been properly understood. They are valuable historical monuments that not only provide researchers with valuable information on the art styles of the time, but also provide valuable data in research and studies. Many ways of expression, techniques and views of art that are influenced by the social, economic, cultural and religious conditions of their time in each era can be understood and blended with the personal and national taste of the artist. Overall, the purpose of this research was to emphasize the visual values of the two reliefs of the battle of the Tal Taba and the pillar of Trajan, the similarities, differences, quality of the drawing and decorations and to coordinate them with the reliefs and the impact of historical viewpoints on the quality of the works. In this historical-analytical research using library method, information has been collected by historical-documentary method. Also, using the available texts and authoritative sources on the two reliefs, the works are categorized and analyzed based on a comparative approach. One of the central questions of this paper is, can a comparative approach and an in-depth look at the content and artistic essence of these two reliefs succeed in understanding the relationship between narrative concepts and the historical reality of the time, albeit on a limited scale? Secondly, how has historicism, along with realism, been the ornament of the two reliefs of the battle of Tal Taba and the Trajan pillar?  And lastly, what is the difference between the way Assyrians and Greeks look at the real scenes and the conflict of the war in the reliefs of the Battle of Tal Taba and the Trajan Column, due to their experiences and abilities?  The findings of the study indicate that, in the delicate reliefs of the Trajan memorial column, a completely different approach is used, and we see another type of realism, not transparent visual realism, but rather an anatomical documentary realism that prefers the conceptual truth to the obvious truth. The conceptual approach in these reliefs allows the artist to present complex scenes with some subtlety. The Romans' passion for real-life narratives is also more akin to that of the Assyrians than to the Greeks.  And the most important feature of a relief in which the whole is formed on this basis is the existence of powerful centers, which is the main pillar. This feature is well visible in the Assyrian reliefs and the Trajan column. These reliefs are of particular importance because they predict the end of one period and the beginning of the next.  Finally, it can be concluded that all the measures that the Assyrians have applied in their narrative reliefs, the Romans have applied the same principles and measures again in centuries to their reliefs.
 

Keywords

References

آمیه، پیر(1349). تاریخ عیلام، ترجمه شیرین بیانی، تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
انصاری، جمال(1387). باستان شناسی ایران و جهان، تهران: سبحان نور.
پاتس، دنیل تی(1388). باستان شناسی ایلام، ترجمه زهرا باستی، چ. دوم، تهران: سمت.
جنسن، ه . و(1368).تاریخ هنر، ترجمه پرویز مرزبان، چ. دوم، تهران: انتشارات و آموزش انقلاب اسلامی.
دورانت، ویل(1372الف). تاریخ تمدن، ترجمه احمد آرام، ع. پاشایی و امیرحسین آریان‌پور، جلد1، چ. چهارم، تهران: انتشارات و آموزش انقلاب اسلامی.
دورانت، ویل(1372ب). تاریخ تمدن، ترجمه حمید عنایت، پرویز داریوش و علی‌اصغر سروش، جلد 3، چ. چهارم،  تهران: انتشارات و آموزش انقلاب اسلامی.
رو، ژرژ(1381). سرگذشت عراق باستان، ترجمه عبدالرضا مهدوی، چ. دوم، تهران: پیکان.
فرنو، بهروز(1384). منشاء فرهنگ، تمدن و هنر در بین النهرین کهن، جلد1، تهران: مهر.
کمرون، جورج گلن(1387). ایران در سپیده دم تاریخ، ترجمه حسن انوشه، چ. پنجم، تهران: علمی و فرهنگی.
کورتیس، جان(1385). ایران باستان به روایت موزه بریتانیا، ترجمه آذر بصیر، تهران: امیرکبیر.
گاردنر، هلن(1385). هنر در گذر زمان، ترجمه محمدتقی فرامرزی، چ. هفتم، تهران: آگاه.
گشایش، فرهاد(1378). تاریخ هنر ایران و جهان، تهران: عفاف.
مجیدزاده، یوسف(1380). تاریخ و تمدن بین النهرین، جلد3، تهران: مرکز نشر دانشگاهی.
مجیدزاده، یوسف(1386). تاریخ و تمدن ایلام، چ. دوم، تهران: مرکز نشر دانشگاهی.
محمدپناه، بهنام(1388الف). اسرار تمدن روم باستان، تهران: سبزان.
محمدپناه، بهنام(1388ب). کهن دیار، جلد 1، چ. هشتم، تهران: سبزان.
وود فورد، سوزان(1385).تاریخ هنر یونان و روم، ترجمه حسن افشار، تهران: مرکز.
هارت، فردریک(1382). سی و دو هزار سال تاریخ هنر، ترجمه موسی اکرمی و دیگران، تهران: پیکان.
References
Amiet, P. (1970). Elam, Translated by Shirin Bayani, Tehran: Tehran University (Text in Persian).
Ansari, J. (2008). Archaeology of Iran and the World, Tehran: Sobhane Noor (Text in Persian).
Potts, D. T. (2009). The Archaeology of Elam, Translated by Zahra Basti, (2nd ed.), Tehran: Samt (Text in Persian).
Janson, H. W. (1989). History of Art, Translated by Parviz Marzban, (2nd ed.), Tehran: Publications and Training Islamic Revolution (Text in Persian).
Durant, W. J. (1993). The Story of Civilization, (Vol. 1), Translated by Ahmad Aram, A. Pashaei and Amir Hossein Aryanpour, (4th ed.), Tehran: Publications and Training Islamic Revolution (Text in Persian).
Durant, W. J. (1993). The Story of Civilization, (Vol. 3), Translated by Hamid Enayat, Parviz Dariush and Ali Asghar Soroush, (4th ed.), Tehran: Publications and Training Islamic Revolution (Text in Persian).
Roux, G. (2002). Ancient Iraq, Translated by Abdolreza Mahdavi, (2nd ed.), Tehran: Peykan (Text in Persian).
Farno, B. (2005). The Origin of Culture, Civilization and Art in Ancient Mesopotamia, (Vol. 1), Tehran: Mehr (Text in Persian).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cameron, G. G. (2008). History of Early Iran, Translated by Hassan Anoushe, (5th ed.), Tehran: Elmi Farhangi (Text in Persian).
Curtis, J. (2006). Ancient Persia, Translated by Azar Basir, Tehran:Amirkabir (Text in Persian).
Gardner, H. (2006). Art through the Ages, Translated by Mohammad Taghi Faramarzi, (7th ed.), Tehran: Agah (Text in Persian).
Goshayesh, F. (1999). Iran and World Art History, Tehran: Efaf (Text in Persian).
Majidzadeh,Y. (2007). History and Civilization of Ilam, (2nd ed.), Tehran: Markaz-e Nashr-e Daneshgahi (Text in Persian).
Majidzadeh,Y. (2001).  History and civilization of Mesopotamia, (Vol. 3), Tehran: Markaz-e Nashr-e Daneshgahi (Text in Persian).
Mohammadpanah, B. (2009). Secrets of Ancient Roman Civilization, Tehran: Sabzan (Text in Persian).
Mohammadpanah, B.  (2009). Ancient Land, (Vol. 1(, (8th ed.), Tehran: Sabzan (Text in Persian).
Woodford, S. (2006). The Art of Greece and Rome, Translated by Hasan Afshar, Tehran: Markaz (Text in Persian).
‎Hartt, Frederic(1382). Art: a History of Painting, Sculpture, Architecture,  Translated by Mousa Akrami and others, Tehran: Peykan (Text in Persian).
Reade , J.E. (1995). Art and Empire, London: British Museum Press.
URLs:
 URL1. http://www.ancienthistory.about.com (Retrieved: 05 July 2013)..
URL2. http://www.art-prints-on-demand.com (Retrieved: 05 July 2013).
URL3. http://www. Placidosociales.blogspot.com (Retrieved: 16 September 2013).
URL4. http://www.studentessamatta.com (Retrieved: 05 July 2013).
URL5.http://www.fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics